So my single speed is currently set up with v-brakes.

i just noticed my front calipers are bent and the noodle keeps coming loose. I was thinking of buying new calipers, probably the shimano 105 brake calipers or one similar to it.

Will those type of brakes fit on my frame or will only v-brakes work? I have an eyelet on my fork but dunno if they're compatible.

Pic related

the bikes originally a hybrid if that matters

The issues are cable pull, brake reach and tire clearance.

The brake levers that you have now are designed for the longer cable pull that V-brakes require. They'll work with caliper brakes, but they'll require more effort.

The picture that you posted shows quite a bit of clearance between the (relatively large) tire and the bottom of the fork. I doubt you'll be able to find a brake caliper with enough reach to span the distance from the hole on the fork crown to your rim's breaking surface.

The last issue is tire clearance. 28 mm is about the largest tire that will squeeze between the pads of a caliper brake.

ahhhh i figured something like that would come up as a problem

thank you very much for the insight

Shimano 105 calipers are short reach road calipers; they're designed for a max reach (distance from center of mounting bolt to center of brake track) of ~49mm. The longest reach road calipers to my knowledge are Tektro R556 with a max reach of ~73mm. I suspect the distance on your fork is beyond that. The drilling in the fork is commonly used for attaching fenders.

You can use your choice of v-brakes or centerpull cantilever brakes. Incidentally, I can't see what is bent on that brake.

Here goes a few more choices... https://tandem-fahren.de/Mitglieder/C...DropBrakes.htm

thanks fellas, i guess im just gonna look for a new front v brake then

Warning - A lot of the info in that link is old and out of date. Some options listed are no longer available, and other very useful options are not included.